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Heart Valve Disease vs. Structural Heart Disease: What’s the Difference? 

Posted on by New Jersey Cardiology Associates in

Heart valve disease and structural heart disease are closely related terms, and they’re often used together in cardiology discussions. While these conditions share similarities, they are not identical. Understanding the difference can help patients better understand their diagnosis and treatment options.

Below, we’re looking at heart valve disease vs. structural heart disease, key differences between the two, and how each is diagnosed.

What Is Structural Heart Disease?

Structural heart disease is a broad term that refers to problems with the heart’s structure, including its valves, walls, chambers, or major vessels. These conditions may be present at birth (congenital) or develop over time because of aging, infection, or other health issues.

Common types of structural heart disease include:

  • Heart valve disorders
  • Congenital heart defects (such as atrial septal defects)
  • Enlarged or weakened heart chambers
  • Abnormal openings or connections within the heart

Because structural heart disease encompasses multiple conditions, symptoms can vary widely. Some people may experience:

  • Shortness of breath
  • Fatigue
  • Chest discomfort
  • Swelling in the legs or abdomen
  • Irregular heartbeat

It’s important to note that in some cases, structural heart disease may present with few or no symptoms in its early stages.

What Is Heart Valve Disease?

Heart valve disease is a specific type of structural heart disease that affects one or more of the heart’s four valves:

  • Aortic valve
  • Mitral valve
  • Tricuspid valve
  • Pulmonary valve

These valves help keep blood flowing in the correct direction through the heart. When a valve is damaged or doesn’t function properly, it can disrupt normal blood flow.

The two main types of valve problems are:

  • Stenosis: The valve becomes stiff or narrowed, restricting blood flow.
  • Regurgitation (or insufficiency): The valve does not close properly, allowing blood to leak backward.

Common examples of heart valve disease include:

  • Aortic stenosis
  • Mitral regurgitation
  • Mitral valve prolapse

Symptoms of valve disease often overlap with other heart conditions and may include:

  • Shortness of breath
  • Fatigue
  • Dizziness or fainting
  • Heart palpitations
  • Swelling in the ankles or feet

Structural vs. Valvular Heart Disease: Key Differences

While the terms are related, the main difference is scope.

Structural heart disease is the broader category that includes any abnormality in the heart’s structure.

Heart valve disease is one specific type of structural heart disease that affects the valves.

In other words, all heart valve disease is structural heart disease, but not all structural heart disease involves the valves.

How Are These Heart Conditions Diagnosed?

Doctors use several tools to diagnose structural and valve-related heart conditions, including:

  • Physical exams and medical history
  • Echocardiograms (heart ultrasounds)
  • CT or MRI scans
  • Cardiac catheterization when needed

These tests help specialists understand the exact problem and determine the most appropriate treatment plan.

Treatments for Structural and Valvular Heart Disease

Treatment depends on the type and severity of the condition. Some patients may simply need regular monitoring and medications. Others may benefit from advanced procedures, including minimally invasive, catheter-based treatments that repair or replace parts of the heart without open-heart surgery.

Early evaluation is important, especially if you’re experiencing symptoms or have been told you have a heart murmur or valve problem.

Need to know more? Give our cardiologists, who are board-certified in New Jersey, a call today. A structural heart specialist can help determine the exact cause of your symptoms.

Living With Structural Heart Disease: How Ongoing Care Protects Your Heart

Posted on by New Jersey Cardiology Associates in

A diagnosis of structural heart disease can feel frightening and overwhelming at first. Whether the condition involves a heart valve, a septal defect, or another structural issue, many patients worry about how it will affect their daily lives.

The good news is that with modern treatments and regular follow-up care, many people with structural heart disease can live active, fulfilling lives. Ongoing care plays a key role in protecting your heart and preventing complications over time, so today, we’re looking at what structural heart disease is and why ongoing care matters.

What Is Structural Heart Disease?

Structural heart disease refers to abnormalities in the heart’s valves, walls, chambers, or major vessels. Some people are born with these conditions, while others develop them later due to aging, infection, or underlying medical issues.

Common examples include:

  • Aortic stenosis
  • Mitral regurgitation
  • Atrial septal defects (ASDs)
  • Ventricular septal defects (VSDs)
  • Other congenital or acquired structural abnormalities

Depending on the condition and its severity, symptoms may include:

  • Shortness of breath
  • Fatigue
  • Swelling in the legs or abdomen
  • Chest discomfort
  • Irregular heartbeat

In many cases, structural heart disease progresses gradually, which is why regular monitoring is essential.

Why Ongoing Care Matters

Even if your symptoms are mild (or you’ve already had a procedure), structural heart disease usually requires long-term management.

Regular checkups allow your cardiology team to:

  • Monitor changes in heart function
  • Detect worsening valve or structural problems
  • Adjust medications when needed
  • Identify complications early
  • Determine the right timing for procedures

Early intervention often leads to better outcomes. Waiting too long to treat certain structural issues can increase the risk of heart failure, rhythm problems, or other complications.

What Ongoing Care Typically Includes

Your follow-up care plan will depend on your specific condition, but it often involves a combination of the following:

  • Regular Cardiology Visits: Your doctor will review your symptoms, check your heart sounds, and assess your overall health.
  • Imaging Tests: Echocardiograms are commonly used to monitor valve function and heart structure over time. Other imaging, such as CT or MRI, may be recommended in certain cases.
  • Medication Management: Some patients benefit from medications that help control blood pressure, regulate heart rhythm, or reduce cardiac strain.
  • Lifestyle Guidance:
    • Heart-healthy eating habits
    • Regular, appropriate physical activity
    • Weight management
    • Smoking cessation, if applicable
    • Stress reduction strategies

These steps help support overall cardiovascular health and reduce the workload on the heart.

Life After a Structural Heart Procedure

If you’ve had a minimally invasive procedure or surgery, follow-up care is essential.

Regular monitoring ensures that:

  • The repair or replacement is functioning properly
  • No new issues have developed
  • Your heart is adapting well to the treatment

Many patients experience significant symptom relief and improved quality of life after treatment, but continued follow-up care helps maintain these outcomes.

Partnering With Your Cardiology Team

Living with structural heart disease is not something you have to do alone. Your cardiology team is here to guide you, answer questions, and adjust your care plan as your needs change.

By staying consistent with follow-up visits and recommended tests, you’re giving your heart the best chance to stay strong and healthy for years to come.

Protecting Your Long-Term Heart Health

Regular checkups allow your care team to catch small changes before they become serious problems. This proactive approach helps preserve heart function, prevent complications, and ensure that any necessary treatments happen at the right time.

Regular monitoring by a cardiology team helps protect your long-term heart health. Schedule routine evaluations to stay ahead of potential issues and keep your treatment plan on track. If you’d like to book a consultation, contact our office today at Our cardiologists in New Jersey. We’re here to keep you as healthy as possible.

5 Heart PET Scan FAQs and Answers

Posted on by New Jersey Cardiology Associates in

Medical technology continues to improve with each passing day. Procedures and tests that were needed to discover medical problems have been replaced with more intricate nuclear imaging tests which can not only determine the diagnosis, but whether certain surgeries are needed at all. PET scans of the heart have become an invaluable tool for doctors, so here are 5 heart PET scan FAQs and answers should you need one.

What Exactly Is a Heart PET Scan?

PET stands for heart positron emission tomography. It is used to evaluate and diagnose heart conditions and any areas of concern. Radiologists use a dye with radioactive tracers known as radionuclides, which are injected into the body, and then the patient will lie down as they enter the PET imaging machine. This computer produces a series of images that allow cardiologists to view a 3D map of the heart and surrounding tissues.

This test is usually performed as an outpatient procedure.

Why Would I Need a PET Scan?

Initially, a PET scan of the heart may also be ordered if you are having chest pains or tightness in your chest, shortness of breath, arrhythmia, or weakness and sweating.

Cardiologists may want to screen for any cardiovascular disease, especially if you have risk factors like a family history of either heart disease or high cholesterol. In addition, they may want to check on the success of any earlier treatments or to find out if you have coronary artery disease.

With a PET scan, physicians can continue to monitor any damaged tissue after a heart procedure and decide on the best treatments moving forward.

What Are the Benefits of a Heart PET Scan?

A heart PET scan will give Jersey Cardiology Associates an accurate measurement of the blood flow from your arteries to your heart. It can then be determined whether you have CAD or any other tissue damage after an earlier heart attack.

It can also effectively provide the information to decide if an angioplasty is needed to open clogged arteries or if bypass surgery is necessary.

Are There Any Risks Associated With a PET Scan?

Since the amount of radiation used is so small, this test is usually safe for the majority of patients. Make sure to tell cardiologists if you are pregnant or breastfeeding, and another type of test will be substituted.

How Do I Prepare for a Heart PET Test?

You may need to avoid certain foods and beverages prior to the test, such as caffeine or alcohol in the 24 hours beforehand. Do not eat 4 – 6 hours before the test, and only drink water. Be sure cardiologists is aware of all medications and supplements that you are currently taking.

If you have diabetes, then you may receive slightly different instructions on how to prepare for your heart PET scan.

Do not wear jewelry or other metal objects. Come to our cardiologists dressed in comfortable loose clothing, and drink lots of water afterward to flush out the radioactive tracer.

Share all of your symptoms with the board-certified cardiologists and prepare any additional questions if you are having a heart PET scan.

5 Warning Signs You Should See a Cardiologist — and Why You Shouldn’t Ignore Them

Posted on by New Jersey Cardiology Associates in

Your heart works tirelessly every second of your life — but sometimes it sends subtle (or not-so-subtle) signals that it needs help. Ignoring these signs can lead to serious complications, including heart attack, stroke, or heart failure. At New Jersey Cardiology Associates (NJCA), we encourage patients to be proactive about their heart health. Here are five key warning signs that mean it’s time to schedule a cardiology appointment.

1. Chest Pain or Pressure

Chest discomfort — especially when paired with shortness of breath, nausea, or sweating — may be a sign of a serious heart condition. While not all chest pain is heart-related, it’s always best to have it evaluated by a cardiologist.

2. Shortness of Breath

If climbing stairs or walking short distances leaves you unusually winded, your heart may not be pumping efficiently. This could indicate heart disease, valve problems, or heart failure.

3. Irregular Heartbeat

Feeling like your heart is racing, fluttering, or skipping beats could point to an arrhythmia. Some arrhythmias are harmless, but others can increase your risk of stroke or sudden cardiac arrest.

4. Swelling in the Legs, Ankles, or Feet

Fluid buildup — known as edema — can be a sign that your heart isn’t circulating blood effectively. This is often associated with heart failure or valve disorders.

5. Family History of Heart Disease

Even if you feel fine, a strong family history of heart disease, high blood pressure, or high cholesterol means you should be proactive with regular checkups and screenings.

Your Partner in Heart Health

At NJCA, we provide comprehensive cardiac care — from prevention and diagnosis to advanced treatment options. Our team includes specialists in interventional cardiology, electrophysiology, and heart failure management, ensuring you get the expert attention you deserve.

With locations in Clifton, West Orange, Belleville, and Bloomfield, we make it convenient for patients throughout New Jersey to prioritize their heart health.

Don’t Wait — Protect Your Heart Today

If you’ve experienced any of these symptoms or have concerns about your heart health, contact New Jersey Cardiology Associates to schedule an appointment with one of our board-certified cardiologists.

Understanding TAVR: A Minimally Invasive Heart Valve Replacement Option

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When your heart’s aortic valve isn’t working properly, every beat becomes a struggle. For patients with aortic valve stenosis, simple activities like walking to the mailbox can leave them breathless and exhausted. Thankfully, there’s a less invasive solution available — Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR). At New Jersey Cardiology Associates (NJCA), our board-certified cardiologists in West Orange and Belleville specialize in performing this innovative procedure, helping patients regain their energy and improve their quality of life.

What Is TAVR?

TAVR is a catheter-based heart procedure that replaces a narrowed aortic valve without the need for open-heart surgery. This is particularly beneficial for patients who may be at higher risk from traditional surgery due to age, health conditions, or other factors.

In aortic valve stenosis, the valve leaflets become thick and stiff, making it harder for blood to flow from the heart to the rest of the body. Over time, this can lead to chest pain, dizziness, fatigue, heart failure, and even death if untreated.

Who May Benefit From TAVR?

Your cardiologist may recommend TAVR if you are:

  • Experiencing symptoms such as chest pain, fainting, fatigue, or shortness of breath
  • Diagnosed with severe aortic stenosis
  • At moderate or high risk for open-heart surgery
  • Living with a previously replaced valve that is no longer functioning correctly

How the Procedure Works

Before: You’ll undergo a thorough evaluation, which may include imaging, blood work, and a review of your medical history. Your cardiologist may prescribe antibiotics to prevent infection.

During: While under anesthesia, a catheter is inserted through a small incision, usually in the leg. The new valve is positioned inside your existing valve and expanded — sometimes with the help of a balloon — to restore proper blood flow.

After: Most patients spend two to five days in the hospital. Your care team will monitor your heart closely and provide recovery guidance, including healthy eating and exercise recommendations.

Risks to Consider

As with any procedure, TAVR comes with potential risks, including bleeding, stroke, heart attack, kidney problems, arrhythmias, or complications with the replacement valve. Your NJCA cardiologist will discuss these with you and determine if TAVR is the safest choice for your situation.

Take the Next Step

If you or a loved one has been diagnosed with aortic valve stenosis, you don’t have to wait. Contact New Jersey Cardiology Associates to schedule your consultation today.

Signs of Heart Problems in Children and Teens

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Most of us don’t think children have heart problems, but did you know that 2,000 children of all ages die each year from sudden cardiac arrest in the United States? It is responsible for up to 5% of all deaths in children from 5 to 19 years old. That is just one such heart problem and there are more. Read further to learn the most common signs of heart problems in children and teens.

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How High Blood Pressure Affects Your Heart and What You Can Do About It

Posted on by New Jersey Cardiology Associates in

One of the first things checked after our weight when we visit the doctor’s office is usually our blood pressure. Of course we all know that it’s important, but do you know why? Blood pressure is a predictor of how our heart will continue to perform. Also known as hypertension, let’s investigate how high blood pressure affects your heart and what you can do about it.

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Understanding the Causes of Heart Failure

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Heart failure is a serious medical condition where the heart is not able to circulate blood effectively for the body’s needs. It does not indicate that the heart has ceased functioning, but rather that it’s not pumping blood as sufficiently as it should. This can lead to a range of symptoms, including shortness of breath, fatigue, and fluid retention, and may have a significant impact on a person’s quality of life.

In this blog, we’ll explore the causes of heart failure, its risk factors, and the lifestyle influences that can contribute to or worsen the condition. By understanding these causes, you can better manage your health and make choices that support heart health.

What is Heart Failure?

Heart failure occurs when the heart’s ability to pump blood becomes compromised, leading to a reduced flow of oxygen and nutrients to the body’s organs and tissues. It can happen when the heart is too weak, known as systolic heart failure, or too stiff, known as diastolic heart failure, to function properly. While heart failure can develop suddenly, it often occurs gradually over time, worsening if not properly managed.

What Are the Common Causes of Heart Failure?

Several conditions and diseases can lead to heart failure by damaging the heart or making it harder for it to work efficiently, including:

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

CAD is the most typical cause of heart failure. It happens when the arteries that deliver blood to the heart become constricted or obstructed due to a buildup of plaque. This reduces blood flow to the heart muscle, causing damage and weakening its ability to pump blood.

High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)

Consistently high blood pressure forces the heart to work harder than normal. Left untreated, this extra strain can lead to heart failure by causing the heart’s walls to thicken or stiffen, making it harder for the heart to circulate blood effectively.

Heart Valve Disease

The heart has four valves that ensure blood flows in the right direction. If these valves are damaged, due to conditions like valve regurgitation or stenosis, the heart has to work harder, which can lead to heart failure.

Cardiomyopathy

This term refers to diseases of the heart muscle that cause it to become enlarged, thickened, or stiff. This condition can weaken the heart over time and impair its ability to pump blood. It may be caused by a variety of factors, including infections, genetics, and chronic conditions.

Myocarditis

Inflammation of the heart muscle, often due to a viral infection, can damage the heart and lead to heart failure.

Congenital Heart Defects

Some individuals are born with heart defects that can impact the heart’s function and increase the risk of heart failure later in life.

Diabetes

High blood sugar levels associated with diabetes can harm the blood vessels and nerves that control the heart, making heart failure more likely.

Chronic Lung Diseases

Conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can lead to heart failure by increasing pressure in the lungs and making it more difficult for the heart to pump effectively.

Excessive Alcohol Consumption

Chronic heavy drinking can weaken the heart muscle (alcoholic cardiomyopathy), leading to heart failure.

Certain Medications

Some medications, particularly those used to treat conditions like cancer or infections, can have side effects that damage the heart over time, contributing to heart failure.

Risk Factors and Lifestyle Influences

In addition to underlying health conditions, several lifestyle factors can increase the risk of developing heart failure:

  • Age: The risk of heart failure increases with age, particularly after the age of 65.
  • Obesity: Excess weight puts additional strain on the heart, increasing the risk of heart failure.
  • Sedentary Lifestyle: Lack of physical activity can weaken the heart and increase the risk of conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes that contribute to heart failure.
  • Unhealthy Diet: Diets high in sodium, processed foods, and unhealthy fats can lead to conditions like high blood pressure and obesity, which increase the risk of heart failure.
  • Smoking: Smoking damages the blood vessels and reduces oxygen flow to the heart, increasing the risk of heart failure.

Heart Failure Specialist in New Jersey

Heart failure is a complex condition with many potential causes and risk factors. By understanding these causes, you can take steps to protect your heart, such as managing underlying conditions, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and seeking regular medical care. 

If you’re at risk for heart failure, contact New Jersey Cardiology Associates to discuss preventive measures and strategies to support heart health. Early detection and management are key to living a healthier life with a lower risk of heart failure.

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Recognizing the Warning Signs of Heart Disease: Symptoms You Should Never Ignore

Posted on by New Jersey Cardiology Associates in ,

In movies and television we are accustomed to seeing a perfectly healthy looking character suddenly cringe in pain, fall over, and suffer a heart attack. They typically do that for dramatic effect. In real life, there are numerous signs of an impending heart attack before you might reach that point. Pay special attention in your own life to recognizing the warning signs of heart disease.

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